{"id":12896,"date":"2022-07-20T15:37:24","date_gmt":"2022-07-20T13:37:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azum.com\/azum-dna\/"},"modified":"2024-11-25T15:13:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T14:13:10","slug":"metabolic-profile","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/metabolic-profile\/","title":{"rendered":"Azum DNA"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12896\" class=\"elementor elementor-12896 elementor-12894\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a99a7a5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a99a7a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"single-post-template\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-729db7b8\" data-id=\"729db7b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-644c3089 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"644c3089\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"single-post-image\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-696cfdba\" data-id=\"696cfdba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5bc2ef97 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5bc2ef97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-761d10a5\" data-id=\"761d10a5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13eb078 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13eb078\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Azum DNA<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6503c484 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6503c484\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0f26d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0f26d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metabolic Profile - What is it and why you need it?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7848fa6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7848fa6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86b8c77 elementor-aspect-ratio-169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"86b8c77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/tZ2SUym1MXE&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;169&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-fit-aspect-ratio elementor-open-inline\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c17bce0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1c17bce0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bce5d82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6bce5d82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Get personal advice on Azum<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79d32324 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79d32324\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simply reserve a consultation appointment - and we will show you Azum directly and personally.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67b9c070 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"67b9c070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<link href=\"https:\/\/assets.calendly.com\/assets\/external\/widget.css\"<link href=\"https:\/\/assets.calendly.com\/assets\/external\/widget.css\"rel=\"stylesheet\">  <script src=\"https:\/\/assets.calendly.com\/assets\/external\/widget.js\"type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfe2078 elementor-align-right elementor-mobile-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cfe2078\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\"> <a href=\"\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" role=\"button\" onclick=\"Calendly.initPopupWidget({url: 'https:\/\/calendly.com\/azum-sales-support\/online-meeting-en?primary_color=e91e63'});return false;\" style=\"width:100%;\"> <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\"> <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Reserve an appointment now <\/span> <\/span> <\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8a444 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d8a444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Training control: Individual metabolic profile versus FTP<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc9d458 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc9d458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>The goal of coaches is the optimal preparation of their athletes for competitions. This includes a well thought-out training management, well-planned rest periods and a steady increase in performance up to day X. Training management is a complex and comprehensive process. In addition to the choice of a suitable training frequency and the appropriate training hours, it also includes a sensible division and distribution of the training intensity (Seiler, 2016). Some coaches work with three intensity levels, others with five, seven or even more. Some coaches prefer a lot of intensive training, others less. Regardless of these preferences, it is important to remember that the bodies of all athletes have different physiological conditions. Accordingly, it is problematic to generalise intensity requirements and to lump all athletes together. However, this is exactly what happens when defining training zones based on percentage derivations of a given value, like the famous FTP. In practice, however, many coaches have adopted such a value \u2013 often FTP. This is an inadmissible simplification from the point of view of training science. Coaches who want to provide their prot\u00e9g\u00e9s with individual and goal-oriented support cannot avoid taking the metabolism of the individual person into account. Individual metabolic profiles are the only way to tailor the training of athletes. This article describes the advantages of training control using metabolic profiles and shows that intensity control using percentage derivations of FTP makes little sense from a training science point of view.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e64dbca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e64dbca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is FTP?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f221d60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f221d60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>FTP stands for \u201eFunctional Threshold Power\u201c. It is mainly used in cycling and indicates the power in watts that an athlete can produce at maximum effort over a period of 60 minutes. This index can be determined by means of simple field tests. A common method is to test at maximum intensity for 20 minutes and then multiply the average power by a factor of 0.95. This allows the maximum average power of the athlete to be estimated over a period of 60 minutes (Allen &amp; Coggan, 2010).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6167329 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6167329\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The problem of FTP<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd57050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd57050\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>First of all, FTP is often mistakenly equated with individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) or maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). With IAT and MLSS, there is a balance between lactate build up and breakdown. This is often not the case with FTP (Inglis et al., 2020; Jeffries et al., 2019). In comparison to the lactate threshold, the FTP does not reflect a physiological process (Mackey &amp; Horner, 2021). Studies have shown that in well-trained cyclists, FTP correlates well with IAT in many cases (Borszcz et al., 2019). However, this does not apply to less well-trained athletes (Valenzuela et al., 2018). In any case, there is a high degree of uncertainty as to whether there is a correlation. When determining the FTP, multiplication by the usual factor of 0.95 is subject to error. It is an estimate that varies in accuracy depending on the training status of the athlete and the warm-up protocol of the FTP test. Various studies have shown that, depending on the subject, a factor of 0.89 to 0.95 must be applied for the power at which a MLSS occurs (Borszcz et al., 2019; Inglis et al., 2020; Lillo-Bevi\u00e1 et al., 2019). This results in considerable differences as an outcome of the FTP test. Another problem is that the FTP test is subject to a learning effect (Mackey &amp; Horner, 2021). Depending on the experience gained in performing the test, it may be more or less successful. Accordingly, different values are recorded whose difference cannot be explained by physiological processes. Well, even if the FTP would always reflect the IAT 100% truthfully, deriving training ranges from it would remain problematic. There is only one key figure and the FTP does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about how the performance was achieved. It remains unknown which energy sources the athlete tapped into and to what extent.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f060c37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f060c37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201cWhen looking at FTP, it remains unknown which energy sources the athlete tapped into and to what extent\u201d<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b7d006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b7d006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>FTP is therefore a key figure that offers us little added value. We cannot derive from it which metabolic processes take place in an athlete. Accordingly, no serious training guidelines can be made on the basis of FTP alone (Jeffries et al., 2019). If we do so anyway, we run the risk of missing the desired metabolic adaptations. In any case, we cannot coach athletes according to individual circumstances. Let\u2019s take a look at why it is important to know metabolic processes for training control in a short excursus.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c2e7b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c2e7b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Excursus: Energy supply of the body<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77695c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77695c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>In order for us to move, individual muscle cells with tiny microfilaments must contract and relax again; this process is called contraction. For this, our body needs energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the universal energy supplier of the cells. We obtain energy from food, i.e. from carbohydrates, fat and, to a certain extent, protein. The human organism stores energy reserves in various places to be able to draw on them efficiently during physical exertion, such as sport. In endurance sports, the focus is on the macronutrients carbohydrates (sugar) and fat as energy suppliers. Carbohydrates are delivered directly to the muscles via the blood in the form of glucose or they are stored in the form of glycogen in muscle and liver cells. Fats are stored in different places in the body, including the muscles. Other energy suppliers, such as ATP or creatine phosphate (KrP) already stored in the muscle, are only dealt with in passing here because they play a subordinate role in endurance sports. Our body can provide energy via the aerobic (\u201ewith oxygen\u201c) or the anaerobic (\u201ewithout oxygen\u201c) pathway. Which of these pathways provides the main part depends strongly on the intensity of the strain and accordingly also on the duration of the strain. However, there is always a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply. If we need as much energy as possible quickly, the anaerobic system is the dominant supplier (high flow rate). If the intensity is low and we need energy over a long period of time, the aerobic system has the upper hand. Although it is slower in providing energy, it is almost inexhaustible. During anaerobic energy production, glucose is metabolised in the cell plasma (glycolysis). Glycolysis itself generates energy (ATP). The end product is lactate. Lactate is an energy source for the aerobic metabolism. However, when the aerobic metabolism is not able to use all the lactate for energy \u2013 because lactate production is faster then lactate combustion \u2013 then lactate will accumulate. In this process pH level drops. The athlete has to reduce the exercise intensity. Aerobic energy production (cellular respiration) is carried out in the mitochondrion (the power plant of the muscle cell). Carbohydrates and fatty acids are metabolised. In aerobic carbohydrate metabolism, the end product of glycolysis, lactate, is processed (aus der F\u00fcnten et al., 2013).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f072b2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f072b2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figure 1 <BR><i>Aerobic and anaerobic energy production<\/i><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38c1fed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"38c1fed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"800\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Schema-Glykolyse-und-Zellatmung-1024x621.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Schema-Glykolyse-und-Zellatmung-1024x621.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Schema-Glykolyse-und-Zellatmung-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Schema-Glykolyse-und-Zellatmung-768x466.png 768w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Schema-Glykolyse-und-Zellatmung.png 1154w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Note. Schematic representation of anaerobic glycolysis and cellular respiration.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4395244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4395244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 2 shows how the energy supply during sporting activities develops over time. It can be seen from these examples that considerable individual differences can occur.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4d909a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b4d909a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figure 2 <BR><i>Energy supply over time<\/i><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b420c55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b420c55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"800\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CP-Modell.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CP-Modell.png 942w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CP-Modell-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CP-Modell-768x271.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Note. The curves run differently depending on the characteristics of the metabolism (Zintl &amp; Eisenhut, A., 2009).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4def55c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4def55c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Training control based on FTP<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7462002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7462002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>After this excursus, let\u2019s get back to training control. We have seen that the provision of energy is achieved in different ways, varies from person to person and is quite complex. The processes that take place in the body are greatly simplified, but in reality they are many times more sophisticated. However, to dissect this in detail would go beyond the scope of this article. Nevertheless, it is clear that simply pedalling with all your might for 20 minutes and planning your training based on that is an inadmissible simplification. Training control via percentage derivations of FTP does not do justice to the complex and highly individual metabolic processes. If two cyclists perform an FTP test and achieve exactly the same result (watts per kilo of body weight), the energy required for this may come in different proportions from the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. However, since the FTP test does not give us any information about this, we simply define the intensity zones in the same way for both athletes using percentage derivations. It is obvious that this does not take into account individual circumstances and that we may be going in the wrong direction with our training. Accordingly, training control based on a single key figure such as FTP is not advisable!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4383eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4383eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figure 3 <BR><i>Problematik bei der Trainingssteuerung nach FTP<\/i><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9be83c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a9be83c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"800\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3.png 900w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3-768x484.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Note. Both athletes ride in the \"120% FTP\" zone, but the physiology behind this is significantly different (inscyd.com).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a25e6a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a25e6a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Training control through individual metabolic profiles<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a9ffec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a9ffec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>A reliable and scientifically valid method is training management by means of individual metabolic profiles. An individual metabolic profile shows the metabolic state of an athlete at different intensities. Such a profile is collected in a performance diagnostic. This can be a lactate step test, spiroergometry, a combination of both or a metabolic simulation with software such as INSCYD. These methods provide a different number of findings. Depending on the choice of diagnostic form and test protocol, the following physiological parameters can be determined: \u2022 Maximum oxygen uptake (V\u0307O2max) \u2022 Lactate production rate (V\u0307Lamax) \u2022 Anaerobic threshold \u2022 Ventilator thresholds I and II \u2022 Energy demand \u2022 Maximum fat oxidation \u2022 Carbohydrate combustion The following applies to all methods: Insights into metabolism can be gained that an FTP test does not provide. Based on the results of such diagnostics, coaches can create individually tailored training programmes. The desired training effects can be targeted and the corresponding metabolic processes triggered. The risk of missing or undesired adaptations or overtraining is minimised.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3bef1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3bef1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Integration of the metabolic profiles in the Azum training platform<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ab2d57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ab2d57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45e020a elementor-aspect-ratio-169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"45e020a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/wmM2sKiZuE8&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;169&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-fit-aspect-ratio elementor-open-inline\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f7b7c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f7b7c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>The Swiss training and coaching platform Azum is the market-leading software for the integration of individual metabolic profiles. Regardless of the form of diagnostics, the collected performance values can be transferred to the profile of the respective athlete via interface (INSCYD) or manually (all others). Profiles for different sports can be stored for each athlete. The corresponding values are automatically transferred to the planned training sessions and always show the athletes which intensity they have to aim for (power, pace, heart rate). This functionality guarantees a high training quality and an exact control of the desired intensity zones. It enables coaches to provide healthy, individual and efficient support to athletes.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96124d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96124d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figure 4 <BR><i>Metabolic profile in Azum<\/i><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aea7d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aea7d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"908\" height=\"782\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Met.-Profil-2-2.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Met.-Profil-2-2.jpeg 908w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Met.-Profil-2-2-300x258.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Met.-Profil-2-2-768x661.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 908px) 100vw, 908px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Note. Screenshot of a metabolic profile in Azum.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-669ee914 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"669ee914\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92ba1fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"92ba1fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Coaching based on energy consumption<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29eec34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29eec34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>t is no longer a secret that besides training, nutrition also plays a decisive role in performance development. The excursus on energy supply has shown that in almost all cases carbohydrates are the critical point. Carbohydrate stores are limited, glycogen cannot be stored in the muscles at will. Accordingly, care must be taken with these stores. Not only in competitions will there be a drastic drop in performance if the carbohydrates are all burned, but also in training it is always important to keep an eye on this. It is often underestimated how many carbohydrates are metabolised in a training week. In order to keep an overview of the energy consumption, and even to adjust the training accordingly, Azum offers the possibility to base the training planning on it. Besides the integration of power, pace and heart rate values from a diagnostic, this is another crucial functionality. Every kilocalorie, every gram of fat and every gram of carbohydrate metabolised at a given intensity can be stored in the metabolic profile. The data can in turn be integrated automatically (INSCYD) or manually (for example from a spiroergometry). Based on the planned training, Azum shows the consumption for individual intervals, for whole training sessions, for days or even for complete weeks.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f52e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17f52e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figure 5 <BR><i>Planned training in Azum<\/i><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a87bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0a87bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"800\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-of-an-example-training-1024x431.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-of-an-example-training-1024x431.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-of-an-example-training-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-of-an-example-training-768x323.png 768w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-of-an-example-training-1536x646.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-of-an-example-training.png 1574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Note. Screenshot of a sample workout. Training view with calorie, carbohydrate and fat combustion for the whole session and for individual sections.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10471f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10471f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Together with the stored basal metabolic rate, it is possible to plan very precisely how much energy an athlete consumes and what is reasonable. This can be a great help, especially in training-intensive phases such as a training camp. It shows what it means to cycle for 5 hours and how much carbohydrate is actually consumed. Accordingly, the training can be precisely controlled and it can be ensured that the athletes do not get into a catabolic state. In addition, this functionality can be used to create nutrition strategies for before, during and after training. The nutrition plans can be written directly in the platform.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e936c7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e936c7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figure 6 <BR><i>Planned energy consumption versus planned energy intake in Azum<\/i><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f421eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9f421eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"800\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-nutrition-stats-1024x379.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-nutrition-stats-1024x379.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-nutrition-stats-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-nutrition-stats-768x284.png 768w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-nutrition-stats-1536x569.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.azum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Screenshot-nutrition-stats.png 1569w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Note. Screenshot showing the daily overview of the planned energy turnover and the planned energy intake.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a81911 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a81911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e59e127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e59e127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Contemporary training management should be oriented towards the sports science standard that we have at our disposal in the 21st century. The simplification of training athletes based on an FTP value is negligent and does not correspond to good coaching. As coaches we are dealing with people who entrust us with their health and their time. We should not put these highest goods and the trust placed in us by the athletes at risk by using a training plan that is based on a rule of thumb. The highest standard must be applied here! Instead of an FTP test, we should regularly carry out serious performance diagnostics with our athletes to determine their individual metabolic profile. The training and coaching software Azum enables us to integrate the values directly into the training management and thus to accompany the athletes in the best possible way on their athletic path.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed3585a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ed3585a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliography<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e04f762 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e04f762\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Allen, H., &amp; Coggan, A. (2010). Power-based training: Where to begin. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Training and Racing With a Power Meter. Boulder, CO: Velo Press<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, 39\u201352.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">aus der F\u00fcnten, K., Faude, O., Hecksteden, A., Such, U., Hornberger, W., &amp; Meyer, T. (2013). Anatomie und Physiologie von K\u00f6rper und Bewegung. In A. G\u00fcllich &amp; M. Kr\u00fcger (Eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Sport: Das Lehrbuch f\u00fcr das Sportstudium<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (pp. 69\u201373). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-37546-0_5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Borszcz, F. K., Ferreira Tramontin, A., &amp; Pereira Costa, V. (2019). Is the Functional Threshold Power Interchangeable With the Maximal Lactate Steady State in Trained Cyclists? <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>14<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">(8), 1029\u20131035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0572<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Inglis, E. C., Iannetta, D., Passfield, L., &amp; Murias, J. M. (2020). Maximal Lactate Steady State Versus the 20-Minute Functional Threshold Power Test in Well-Trained Individuals: \u201cWatts\u201d the Big Deal? <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>15<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">(4), 541\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0214<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Jeffries, O., Simmons, R., Patterson, S. D., &amp; Waldron, M. (2019). Functional Threshold Power Is Not Equivalent to Lactate Parameters in Trained Cyclists. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>35<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">(10), 2790\u20132794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003203<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Lillo-Bevi\u00e1, J. R., Courel-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, J., Cerezuela-Espejo, V., Mor\u00e1n-Navarro, R., Mart\u00ednez-Cava, A., &amp; Pallar\u00e9s, J. G. (2019). Is the Functional Threshold Power a Valid Metric to Estimate the Maximal Lactate Steady State in Cyclists? <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>36<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">(1), 167\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003403<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Mackey, J., &amp; Horner, K. (2021). What is known about the FTP20 test related to cycling? A scoping review. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Journal of Sports Sciences<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>39<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">(23), 2735\u20132745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2021.1955515<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Seiler, S. (2016). <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Seiler\u2019s Hierarchy of Endurance Training Needs.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.16667.05924<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"fr-CH\">Valenzuela, P. L., Morales, J. S., Foster, C., Lucia, A., &amp; de la Villa, P. (2018). <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Is the Functional Threshold Power a Valid Surrogate of the Lactate Threshold? <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0008<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Zintl, F., &amp; Eisenhut, A. (2009). Ausdauertraining: Grundlagen. Methoden. Trainingssteuerung. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>M\u00fcnchen: BLV Sportwissen<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53413891 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"53413891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-2e91fe3 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__item-prefix\">Datum:<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t20. July 2022\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3599dc5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3599dc5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45c56d06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"45c56d06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-769c875f elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"769c875f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab33bed\" data-id=\"ab33bed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metabolic Profile &#8211; What is it and why you need it? Get&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12896"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12896"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14753,"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12896\/revisions\/14753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.azum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}